PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck two times late to take a surprise lead. Initially, the English forward scored from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a vital leveler in the final moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the past thirteen seasons.